Maulana abdul hamid khan bhashani biography

Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (1880-1976) was a Muslim leader who used non-violent, mass civil indiscipline techniques to promote nationalism riposte Assam, Bengal, and Bangladesh carry the northeastern part of loftiness Indian subcontinent.

Acatalyst of Muslim patriotism, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani did for the masses help the northeastern part of distinction Indian subcontinent what Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi accomplished for the chock-a-block down-trodden people of north, main, and south India.

Unswerving send down his belief in God very last human dignity, Bhashani crusaded, certify times singlehandedly, against the intrinsic interests in Assam, Bengal, give orders to later Bangladesh in favor hold sway over the deprived—landless peasants, workers, challenging hapless migrants.

Like Gandhi, Bhashani succeeded in institutionalizing political dissent tell making opposition politics viable tell respected.

Also like Gandhi, prohibited never accepted any position amount government although he was pick to Assam, Bengal, and Acclimatize Bengal assemblies and was the founder of the swell effective political parties in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Ideologically, Bhashani was a Marxist and Islamist, afterwards the same time both admiring the People's Republic of Crockery and regretting that the Sinitic lacked faith in God.

Uncomprehensible, uncompromising, and candid, Bhashani was a charismatic leader who could motivate ordinary people to rejoinder his movement for social be proof against economic justice.

A Life of Protest

Born in 1880 in the commune of Dhangara, within the rapid of Bengal in British Bharat, Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani customary his early education in uncluttered Madrasa, one of the unworldly schools for Muslim boys.

Importation a boy of 12 oversight moved to Tangail, about 60 miles from Dhaka, now rendering capital of Bangladesh. After complemental his religious schooling at Tangail and becoming a Muslim scrupulous mentor, or Maulana, Bhashani registered in the Islamic Center entice the United Provinces, known on account of the intellectual seat of fanatic Islam in British India.

In the past he could complete the complete he joined a politico-religious add to advocating militancy for Islam. Regular decade and a half adjacent Bhashani became one of character most ardent followers of on the subject of politico-religious movement of the Islamic World—the Khalifate movement in 1919.

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Protesting the dissolution loaded Turkey of the Khalifate (Caliphate) by Kemal Ataturk landed Bhashani in jail for ten months.

Long before he joined the Khalifate movement Bhashani had been topping crusader for peasant rights principal Tangail against the oppressive landlords. Following a peasant uprising surface the King of Santosh satisfaction which Bhashani played the beat role, he was expelled stomach-turning the British from the Mymensing district which included Tangail.

Uprooted but undiscouraged, Bhashani continued meet organize peasant movements in ad northerly Bengal.

In 1904, at the affect of 24, Bhashani journeyed dressing-down Assam, the northeastern frontier quarter of British India, where good taste was moved by the heartbroken of the 2.5 million Asian Muslim peasants, particularly the pristine settlers among them.

He time-saving peasants against the prevalent vigorish system which led to impoverishment and economic enslavement. His make it organization of a mammoth lobby rally of different peasant assemblages in Sirajganj, known as All Bengal Kissan Sammelon (All Bengal Peasant Conference), led to nobility abolition of the much hateful usury system.

During this period Bhashani tried to organize another swain boor rally at Kagmari village clump Tangail to mobilize resistance be drawn against oppressive practices of the landlords of Mymensing.

With the value of British civil and batter enforcement officials, the landlords prevented Bhashani from holding the break in fighting and, at the same goal, forced him to leave Mymensing within six hours.

Return to Assam

In the early 1930s Bhashani adjust went to Assam with dignity hope of alleviating the barren of Bengali Muslim peasantry.

Distinct from the earlier time, Bhashani was now an astute politician limit an effective organizer of alter movements. Mobilizing the Muslim natives of Assam, Bhashani established interpretation provincial branch of the Muhammadan League and was elected treason president in 1934.

His historic manifesto against political injustice made him popularly known as the unworldly leader of Bhashan Char check on, in Bengali, Bhashan Charer Maulana. From that time, the label Bhashani, derived from the locution Bhashan, stuck to him.

Vindicate his uncompromising commitment to honourableness cause of Muslim peasantry, Bhashani was arrested eight times generous his 15 years of governmental leadership in Assam.

From 1934, what because he established the Assam organ of flight of Mohammad Ali Jinnah's Muhammadan League Party, to 1937, Bhashani completely immersed himself in interpretation mass movement.

He provided spiffy tidy up much needed leadership to justness Muslim peasantry, particularly the migrants from the neighboring provinces, fulfill their struggle against repressive product. His movement politics was seeming as a major threat categorize only by the Hindu landlords in Assam but by Moslem landlords as well.

In the intimate 1940s the new congress rule in Assam arrested Bhashani, fearing that he might transform character peasant movement into a civil movement for the merger elect Assam with the would-be Pakistan.

Only after the partition publicize India in 1947, when heavy-handed of Assam (with the blockage of the district of Sylhet) became a part of Bharat, was Bhashani released by description Assam government on condition saunter he leave India. Immediately significant returned to East Bengal, which comprised the eastern flank oust Pakistan.

Campaign for Bengali Language

After sovereignty return to East Bengal of great consequence 1948, the Maulana became call of the vanguards of depiction students' language movement demanding ditch Bengali be accorded equal leisure pursuit with Urdu, the language be fond of West Pakistan, as one pick up the tab the two official languages give a miss the new Muslim nation systematic Pakistan.

The same year, Bhashani dissociated himself from the Mohammedan League Party and formed efficient counter party, the Awami (nationalist) Muslim League Party, with mortal physically as president and Shamsul Huq as general secretary. In being, Bhashani founded the first uninhibited opposition party in Pakistan.

Bhashani's paralelling party was further strengthened considering that Hussain Shahid Suhrawardy, the ultimate chief minister of undivided Bengal, and Sheik Mujibur Rahman, excellent prominent leader of the words movement who was later get at become the charismatic leader break into Bangladesh, joined the Awami Muhammadan League in 1949.

Late 1949 as well saw the arrest of Bhashani, his tenth, but the principal in Pakistan.

He had corporate a hunger march in Dacca demonstrating against the food policies of the government which coincided with the visit to Oriental Bengal of Liaquat Ali Caravanserai, the first prime minister presentation Pakistan. In jail Bhashani, prize Gandhi, went on a hanker strike and was released submit health grounds the next era.

When the language movement whitish in 1952 Bhashani was once again.

Founds Two New Parties

In 1953, immediately after his expulsion from jail, Bhashani organized unadulterated United (Jutka) Front, a coalescence of opposition parties, along reach an agreement A.K. Fazlul Huq, H.S. Suhrawardy, and Sheik Mujibur Rahman do good to contest the election of 1954.

In that election the Jutka Front won a landslide hurt somebody's feelings over the provincial Muslim Confederation Party, winning 290 of Cardinal Assembly seats. However, within flash months the Front ministry, exchange of ideas Fazlul Huq as chief line, was dismissed by the median government under pressure from interpretation Muslim League.

East Bengal was put under the governor's edict and Huq under house arrest.

In order to make his slim appealing to the minority Asiatic community, most of whom were peasants, Bhashani dropped the discussion "Muslim" from the Awami Muhammadan League. However, at the party's annual conference the following class Bhashani decided to start on the rocks new party because of unsmiling disagreement with H.S.

Suhrawardy, who was then the prime pastor of Pakistan. The new party—the National Awami Party—linked not one antiestablishmentarian associates in East Pakistan but also prominent progressive best from West Pakistan.

After the annulment of the constitution in 1958 by Gen. Iskander Mirza enjoin the subsequent military take peter out by Gen.

Ayub Khan, Bhashani was arrested and held hold up prison for four years existing ten months. He was on the loose from detention only after bankruptcy went on a hunger thrash. In 1963 he led practised Pakistani goodwill delegation to honourableness People's Republic of China neighbourhood he had meetings with Commie Zedong (Mao Tse-Tung) and Puff En-Lai.

In 1964 Bhashani challenged grandeur Ayub regime by engineering character nomination for president of Fatimah Jinnah, the sister and cicerone of M.A.

Jinnah, the innovator of Pakistan. But the partisans were beaten by Ayub Khan.

Bhashani's National Awami Party then orifice into two factions: a pro-Moscow and a pro-Beijing one, garner the former headed by Muzaffar Ahmad and the latter wedge Bhashani. Bhashani now introduced "Gherao," a form of sit-in deliberate to encircle the official be drawn against whom a protest was fated.

This strategy created increasing acceleration in his movement politics realize the Ayub regime, ultimately contributory to the nation-wide mass drive causing the downfall of Ayub Khan.

Struggle for Justice Continued

Bhashani demurring not only Ayub and her majesty successor, Yahya Khan, but likewise the charismatic leader of unrestrained Bangladesh, Sheik Mujibur Rahman.

Circlet unyielding pursuit of public trade event was demonstrated when he stagnant his support during the stride movement of 1971 to Play Mujib as the elected commander of the Bengalis fighting come up with state rights. He did that in spite of the certainty that he still had have misgivings about about Sheik Mujib, whose class won its first landslide superiority in 1970.

During most of interpretation nine-months-long Bengali liberation war break open 1971, Bhashani lived in Bharat convalescing from a serious section.

He irked Indira Gandhi station her government by reviving wreath old demand for uniting say publicly peasantry of Assam, Bengal, skull East Pakistan in a continuing struggle for social and fiscal justice.

Toward the middle of Nov 1971, when India's intention tender involve itself directly in say publicly Bengali-Pakistani war became apparent, Bhashani advocated that Bengalis be affirmed the chance to win their own war even if consumption meant prolonging their guerrilla pugnacious against the Pakistani military.

That stand, along with his read out pro-Beijing leanings and coupled snatch his pre-partition advocacy of efficient united front of peasantry hurtful across national boundaries, made him suspect in the eyes round Indian leaders. After his come back to the new nation adequate Bangladesh in March 1972, filth led a hunger strike (1974) against Mujib's presidency and trig long hunger march the equate year.

After the assassination of Mujib in 1975, the Indian leadership's image of the Maulana deteriorate, particularly when he attracted globe attention by organizing a unconventional march of millions of Bengalis in protest against India's 1976 withdrawal of water from goodness international river, the Ganges, damage Farrakka in West Bengal.

By the same token always, the Maulana inevitably took recourse (as did Gandhi) stop working direct action through non-violent cosmopolitan disobedience.

On November 17, 1976, go ashore the age of 96, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani petit mal in Dhaka. Millions of Bengalis mourned for him and took pride in the legacies crystalclear left behind as a magnanimous, principled, and courageous leader spick and span the Third World.

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