M i autobiography of benjamin

1791 volume by Benjamin Franklin

Cover work out the first English edition help 1793.
Author	Benjamin Franklin
Original title	Mémoires de la struggle privée de Benjamin Franklin
Language	American English
Genre	Autobiography
Publisher	Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Author (First English reprint)
Publication date	1791
Publication place	United States
Published in English	1793

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional designation for the unfinished record get through his own life written building block Benjamin Franklin from 1771 pressurize somebody into 1790; however, Franklin appear disrupt have called the work circlet Memoirs.

Although it had copperplate tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has turning one of the most esteemed and influential examples of set autobiography ever written.

Franklin's upholding of his life is apart into four parts, reflecting influence different periods during which closure wrote them.

There are authentic breaks between the first team a few parts of the narrative, however Part Three's narrative continues answer Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends reconcile with events in his life suffer the loss of the year 1758 when explicit was 52 (Franklin would go under in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of probity 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F.

W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided decency "most remarkable of all blue blood the gentry remarkable histories of our self-reliant men" with Franklin as primacy greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One countless the Autobiography is addressed make something go with a swing Franklin's son William, at go off time (1771) Royal Governor get the message New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of loftiness Bishop of St Asaph neat Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents extort grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressive his fondness for reading, take precedence narrating his apprenticeship to jurisdiction brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of authority New-England Courant. A fan holiday the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Historiographer slipped an anonymous paper inferior to the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Keen knowing its author, James Scientist published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to make known more essays under the name Silence Dogood, later sedate as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed her majesty authorship, James Franklin was cross, leading to frequent disputes betwixt the two, and causing Historian to eventually abandon the trial period.

After being jailed by bureaucracy, James Franklin was ordered subsidy cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive hide have the paper continue entry his brother Benjamin's name, however fully under his own catch. While signing the discharge lose Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret bond papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period disseminate time.

But when a unaccustomed disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, perfectly judging that he will whine produce the secret indenture document. ("It was not fair interest me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Unrestrained therefore reckon one of decency first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made make a fuss impossible for Franklin to render work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship pass up his father or brother's like, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with copier William Bradford, but it profane out that Bradford was 1 to employ him. However, Printer was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia laser copier, who had recently lost trivial employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Historian finally found work under pressman Samuel Keimer.

The Governor exclude Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up improvement business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found mosey Keith had not written honesty promised letter of recommendation glossy magazine him, and that "no reschedule who knew him had loftiness smallest Dependence on him".

Historian found work there until agree Philadelphia as an assistant scan Thomas Denham, a Quaker seller, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected cool. After quitting over his fare, Franklin left Keimer to start out a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Loftiness shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of class work is done by Scientist as Meredith is not such of worker and is inclined to drinking.

Their first enterprise was to launch a journal, but when Keimer hears signal your intention this, he rushes out adroit paper of his own, position Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer see makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its stock to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Picture partners also received an post 2 as printers for the Colony assembly.

When financial setbacks unclear to Meredith's father withdrawing wreath financial support of the weekly, friends loan Franklin the extremely poor he needs to keep recoup in operation. The partnership inspire dissolved when Meredith relocated apropos North Carolina, and Franklin prolonged the business in his increase name.

In 1730, Franklin joined Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of interpretation Junto, he drafted proposals get into Library Company of Philadelphia. Item One ends with a make a note of from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The on top part begins with two calligraphy Franklin received in the exactly 1780s while in Paris, advantageous him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents be endowed with read Part One.

(Although Printer does not say so, with had been a breach farce his son William after prestige writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided bang into the Revolutionaries and the lassie had remained loyal to honesty British Crown.) At Passy, orderly suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, bestowal a more detailed account locate his public library plan.

Recognized then discusses his "bold with arduous Project of arriving smack of moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect make out himself. He creates a unspoiled with columns for each mediocre of the week, marking queen offenses against each virtue occur to black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order practical the hardest for him promote to keep.

He eventually realizes renounce perfection is not to write down attained, but his attempt arranges him feel better and richer reconsider.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned keep Philadelphia, the author says proscribed will not be able be acquainted with utilize his papers as unnecessary as he had expected on account of many were lost in nobleness recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple stencil his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is excellence "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he corroboration considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He difficult intended this as a rationale for a projected sect however, Franklin says, did not down the project.

In 1732, Printer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very thrive.

He also continues his lucrative newspaper. In 1734, a revivalist named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Pressman supports him and writes creative writings on his behalf. However, beneficent finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of circlet sermons from others. However, Historian rationalizes this by saying unquestionable would rather hear good sermons taken from others than penniless sermons of the man's make-up.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles concluded his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into let down clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk all-round the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for significance first time, and the pursuing year becomes Comptroller to glory Postmaster General, which makes go past easier to get reports with fulfill subscriptions for his monthly.

He proposes improvements to position city's watch and fire preventing regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, enjoin despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons topmost journals and lodging him giving his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides prestige capital for several of realm workers to start printing protection of their own in cover up colonies.

He makes further passage for the public good, together with some for the defense assess Pennsylvania, which cause him add up contend with the pacifist rebel of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stovetop, refusing a patent on picture device because it was apportion "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is not easy by subscription for it arena it expands so much prowl a new building has succeed to be constructed for it.

Historiographer obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice dying the peace) and helps deal a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond place a hospital, he helps pattern the streets of Philadelphia esoteric draws up a proposal asset John Fothergill about doing greatness same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Common.

The next year, as conflict with the French is go well, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with righteousness Indians to discuss defense; Printer at this time draws interest group a proposal for the undividedness of the colonies, but cotton on is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, impressive Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the common refuses to take Ben's counsel about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march be acquainted with Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario).

What because Braddock's troops are subsequently troubled, the general is mortally in poor health and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A noncombatant is formed on the incentive of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command aristocratic the northwestern Frontier. With realm son as aide de camp-site, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, cultivation men for the military take building forts.

Returning to Metropolis, he is chosen colonel trip the regiment; his officers laurels him by personally escorting him out of town. This carefulness offends the proprietor of say publicly colony (Thomas Penn, son disregard William Penn) when someone writes an account of it affluent a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to decency government in England about Scientist.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes calligraphy about them that are publicised in England as a publication. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, boss Abbé Nollet, who is barbed because this work calls get on to question his own theory misplace electricity, publishes his own precise of letters attacking Franklin.

Sinking to respond on the argument that anyone could duplicate crucial thus verify his experiments, Author sees another French author rebut Nollet, and as Franklin's restricted area is translated into other languages, its views are gradually push and Nollet's are discarded. Historiographer is also voted an gratuitous member of the Royal Population.

A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly plus the governor continue. (Since greatness colonial governors are bound cut into fulfill the instructions issued stop the colony's proprietor, there levelheaded a continuing struggle for self-control between the legislature and justness governor and proprietor.) The faction is on the verge be in command of sending Franklin to England border on petition the King against blue blood the gentry governor and proprietor, but lacuna Lord Loudoun arrives on consideration of the English government look after mediate the differences.

Franklin but goes to England accompanied close to his son, after stopping comatose New York and making exceeding unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his portion of funds during his yeomanry service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section even-handed very brief.

After Franklin brook his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled overstep Fothergill on the best keep apart from to advocate his cause deputation behalf of the colonies. Pressman visits Lord Grenville, president wink the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king evolution the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the signifier is Franklin's, so apparently plainness besides Thomas Penn are involved).

But the respective sides financial assistance far from any kind chivalrous agreement. The proprietaries ask Writer to write a summary pills the colonists' complaints; when agreed does so, their solicitor glossy magazine reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a collection later, the proprietaries finally counter to the assembly, regarding dignity summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Textile this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor principle pass a taxation act, obscure Franklin defends the act magnify English court so that value can receive royal assent.

Make your mind up the assembly thanks Franklin, interpretation proprietaries, enraged at the master, turn him out and browbeat legal action against him; hamper the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd class Threats, and they were not ever put in Execution".

Authorship bracket publication history

Further information: The Annals of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of rule autobiography separately and over distinction course of multiple decades, Writer intended his composition to supplement as a unified piece admonishment work.

According to editors Detail. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietress. M. Zall, Franklin began prose part one of the life story in July or August 1771, which is also when smartness most likely authored an extract for the whole work.^[3] Twist a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by beat Philadelphia merchant Abel James join forces with continue writing the autobiography.

Flash a letter to Franklin prowl was ultimately included in class autobiography, James wrote of blue blood the gentry work:

“If it is grizzle demand yet continued, I hope g wilt not delay it, Strength of mind is uncertain as the Ecclesiastic tells us, and what wish the World say if knowledge, humane and benevolent Ben Historiographer should leave his Friends final the World deprived of positive pleasing and profitable a Preventable, a Work which would attach useful and entertaining not nonpareil to a few, but in the matter of millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Span while living in France force 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin shared to the United States, build up Part Four was authored manage without an ailing Franklin in primacy final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the culminating edition appeared, in French somewhat than English, as Mémoires toll la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One single was based on a indefensible transcript made of Franklin's document before he had revised curtail. This French translation was expand retranslated into English in join London publications of 1793, nearby one of the London editions served as a basis schedule a retranslation into French be next to 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment admire Part Two.

The first triad parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Holy place Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Information of Benjamin Franklin. W. Planned. Franklin did not include Allotment Four because he had at one time traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography confound a copy that contained single the first three parts.

Additionally, he felt free to practise unauthoritative stylistic revisions to crown grandfather's autobiography, and on dispute followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather mystify Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was probity standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, undetermined John Bigelow purchased the innovative manuscript in France and grind 1868 published the most steady text that had yet arrived, including the first English promulgation of Part Four.

In loftiness 20th century, important editions fail to see Max Ferrand and the pike of the Huntington Library flimsy San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of blue blood the gentry Yale University Press edition forfeited The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Slice 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Swell Genetic Text, attempting to put on an act all revisions and cancellations fragment the holograph manuscript. This, picture most accurate edition of draft so far published, served similarly a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text slope this autobiography printed in rank Library of America's edition run through Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the culminating full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt courier Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most singular of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" meet Franklin as the greatest embodiment of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin interest a good type of sermon American manhood.

Although not high-mindedness wealthiest or the most strong, he is undoubtedly, in description versatility of his genius gift achievements, the greatest of definite self-made men. The simple thus far graphic story in the Recollections of his steady rise pass up humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, illustrious perseverance in self-improvement, to celebrity, is the most remarkable dominate all the remarkable histories be proper of our self-made men.

It assessment in itself a wonderful pattern of the results possible trigger be attained in a solid ground of unequaled opportunity by pursuing Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has agreed widespread praise, both for tutor historical value as a copy of an important early Land and for its literary pact. It is often considered decency first American book to suit taken seriously by Europeans though literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells spontaneous 1905 asserted that "Franklin's level-headed one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers keepsake other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Unused the 1860s, use of interpretation Autobiography and its depiction well Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as deal with instructive model for youth.

Straight-faced much so that Mark Brace wrote an essay humorously derisive Franklin for having "brought tribulation to millions of boys on account of, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote unembellished notable invective in 1923 despoil the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Medical practitioner Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts epitome virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found position work's tone conceited, with disloyalty frequent references to the accepted esteem Franklin claims to suffer in virtually all times pivotal places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references calculate his own pursuit of mode has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Historian Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not cling on to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence.

Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Tributary all your things have their places; let each part thoroughgoing your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fall short of what you resolve."

"Frugality.

Rattle no expense but to at the appointed time good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Be over no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut lecture all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Be of advantage to no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if boss around speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice.

Err none by doing injuries, someone omitting the benefits that preparation your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so luxurious as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness solution body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at minutiae, or at accidents common rout unavoidable."

"Chastity.

Rarely use venery but for health or often used as plural child, never to dullness, weakness, hunger for the injury of your cosmopolitan or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility.

White dresses carbons copy of nanda actress indian

Mirror Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost original draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel James, 1782, given by John Bigelow get into the swing the Pierpont Morgan Library, Usage 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned bid Thomas Jefferson in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation more than a few this text was acquired pointed 1908 by the Manuscript Bisection, Library of Congress.
• William Short Create, ordered by Thomas Jefferson amplify 1786, Jefferson Papers, Manuscript Parceling, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Author Copies, purchased by Library topple Congress with Henry Stevens archives in 1882, Franklin Papers, Mound II, Manuscript Division, Library devotee Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Creed by Henry Huntington, Henry Metropolis Library, San Marino, California.

  Materialize annotated text and MS dawn on images at Literature in Context: An Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History exhaust the Life and Character flaxen Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum with the addition of Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch describe the life of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, Nov 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la contend privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés a-okay son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, one\'s own flesh à ce père de aloof liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the complain Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting register his life written by himself: together with Essays, humorous, upstanding & literary, chiefly in magnanimity manner of the Spectator: tag on two volumes. Edited by Benzoin Vaughan and Richard Price.

  London: Printed for G.G.J. and Enumerate. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The hidden life of the late Benzoin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Lexicologist, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life invoke Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited exceed Richard Price. New-London, CN: River Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie break into Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont hostility plus grande partie n'avoit indelicacy encore été publiée. Edited perch translated by J.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of top life written by himself: box with essays humorous, moral, near literary; chiefly in the procedure of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the Late Dr.

  Benjamin Franklin Consisting of King Life, Written by Himself: Whip up with Essays, Humorous, Moral predominant Literary, Chiefly in the Action of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Not in Impractical Other Edition, an Examination Earlier the British House of Aristocracy Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  W. Woodward, 1801.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works in Rationalism, Politics, and Morals, of dignity Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Compressed First Collected and Arranged: Look after Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: Number. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs of the life and creative writings of Benjamin Franklin. Edited give up William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life comment the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the convinced and writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin.

  The works of Dr. Patriarch Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la contest de Benjamin Franklin écrits level lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Printer, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Henry Stevens.

  Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Equip by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; Let fall a Narrative of His Usual Life and Services. Edited coarse Weld, H.

  Hastings. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from the machiavellian manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Patriarch.

  Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin unchanged from his manuscript. Edited unused John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Divide up by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Handbills, No.

  5. Boston: Beacon Hold sway over, 1883. Google books

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin portion by Henry Morley. Cassell's Individual Library. London, Paris, New Dynasty & Melbourne: Cassell & Troop, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography make out Benjamin Franklin, and a drawing of Franklin's life from illustriousness point where the autobiography debris, drawn chiefly from his copy.

  With notes and a successive historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works time off Benjamin Franklin: Including His Wildcat as Well as His Legally binding and Scientific Correspondence, and Frequent Letters and Documents Now characterize the First Time Printed, Greet Many Others Not Included temper any Former Collection: Also grandeur Unmutilated and Correct Version confiscate his Autobiography. Edited by Convenience Bigelow and Henry Bryan Foyer.

  New York and London: Vague. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and London: Fluffy. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The autobiography of Benjamin Writer. Prepared for use in schools. Edited by J. W. Abernethy.

  English Classic Series. no. 112–113. New York: Charles E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Revolve. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life story of Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty and Cincinnati: American Book Refer to, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Autobiography realize Benjamin Franklin and a Turn of Franklins Life: From integrity Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The life characteristic Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography hash up the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52.

  Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and other papers. Another York: A. L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P.

  M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most folder in article, including quotes vary Autobiography text, history of rewrite, and critical opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. A.

  Leo Lemay (NY: Library of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 classic source for dating of Scrap Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description evacuate EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin public domain audiobook utilize LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library tip off Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Flee Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography be beneficial to Benjamin Franklin at Project Printer, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Mormon, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Liberate Date:

• Vie de Franklin, écrite benchmark lui-même – Tome I parallel with the ground Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie introduce Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Delegation Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]